Detection and Quantification of Heavy metals Concentrations in Water and Muscle Tissue of Tilapia Zilli: A Case Study of Gwale Pond, Kano, Kano state Nigeria
Keywords:
Detection, quantification, physicochemical parameters, concentrations of heavy metals, muscle tissue, tilapia zilliAbstract
Fresh water system has been a natural irreplaceable resource ever due to its potential to providing a continuous natural source of water for domestic and industrial purposes as well as a favorable breeding atmosphere for the growth of aquatic species. However, human activities such as illegal dumping of refuse in water render the safety of such water highly unbearable for drinking, domestic as well as economic activities such as irrigation and fishing. In the present study, heavy metals such as Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb were detected and quantitatively analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) in both water and muscle tissues of T. Zilli of Gwale Pond in Gwale Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. The results of the one-way ANOVA test for both heavy metals distributions in the pond water as well as muscle tissue of T. Zilli were found to be highly significant (P <0.001). Subsequent post-hoc test (Bonferroni’s procedure) suggests that all the possible 4 pairs of mean scores are significantly different. The mean concentrations of the detected heavy metals in the pond water were found to be 2.75±1.37, 4.55± 1.81, 12.59±2.15 and 3.32±0.86 mg/L whereas the mean concentrations of the detected heavy metals in the muscle tissue of T. Zilli were found to be 4.50±0.69, 4.19±0.72, 13.48±2.31 and 5.40 ±01.92 mg/Kg corresponding to Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb respectively. The mean metals concentration values of Ni and Pb in both pond water and muscle tissue of T. Zilli were found to exceed the guidelines for the drinking water quality maximum permissible level of (Ni = 0.07 mg/L and Pb = 0.01/2 mg/L) as reported by FAO/WHO whereas Cu and Zn mean metals concentration values of (Cu =30 mg/L: Zn = 40 mg/L) in both pond water and muscle tissue of T. Zilli were found to have occurred within the range of the maximum permissible level of the standard water quality criteria recorded by FAO.
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