Comparative Study of Phytochemicals Composition of Mangifera Indica (Mango) and Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) Leaves and Their Antimicrobial Activities
Keywords:
Phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities,, solvent extraction, bactericidal concentration, percolation, leavesAbstract
Mangifera indica and Vernonia amygdalina leaves are utilized for the treatment of various illnesses in folklore medicine. This research aimed to look at the antimicrobial effects and phytochemical compositions of leaf extracts of two studied plants obtained within the Katsina metropolis using different solvent extraction techniques (ethanolic and aqueous extraction) and their antimicrobial activities. The powdered leaves of the examined plants were extracted with water and ethanol solvents using the percolation method. Phytochemical studies were conducted following standard protocols to detect secondary metabolites. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several compounds including alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, tannins, and phenols. This work showed that the two different solvent extraction methods (ethanolic and aqueous) have varying abilities to liberate active compounds, and the presence of these secondary metabolites in the selected plants has high healing potential. Thus, these phytochemicals enhance the medicinal value of the studied plants. The current data also showed that the two extracts (Mangifera indica and Vernonia) had a range of antimicrobial effects on the different strains that were tested. The microorganisms that were tested were sensitive to different amounts of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The highest zone of inhibition was observed in Vernonia amygdalina ethanolic extract with 18.0mm (250mg/ml) for Staphylococcus followed by ethanolic extract against Salmonella typhi with 16.0mm (250mg/ml). The lowest concentration of 31.25 mg/ml had minimal or no effect on the test bacteria. The findings of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) against bacterial isolates showed that Vernonia amygdalina exhibited the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values compared to the other extracts while the extracts of Vernonia amygdalina also exhibited the lowest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values.
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