Phytochemical screening, Anticancer and cytotoxicity of Pulicaria crispa (whole plant)
Keywords:
Pulicaria crispa, Asteraceae, Cytotoxicity, Sulphorhodamine-B, Breast cancer cell, Colon cancer cell, Prostate cancer, Brine ShrimpsAbstract
Pulicaria crispa (Asteraceae) is an indigenous plant in Western Sudan. All parts of the plant are traditionally used to heal various diseases, especially those related to the respiratory system. The aim of this study was the chemical screening of metabolites extracted from the plant. Besides, test their toxicity, and their inhibition effect on cancer cells. The metabolites were completely extracted from the plant using three methods: Soxhlet with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Maceration with 70% methanol, and decoction with distilled water. The results of chemical screening of all extracts obtained, except the petroleum ether extract, showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, terpenes, proteins, and lipids. The Soxhlet petroleum ether extract showed no alkaloids, carbohydrates, and proteins. The cytotoxicity of plant metabolites was tested using brine shrimp lethality assay. The results showed that Soxhlet extracts revealed significant toxicity (P <0.05) to brine shrimp larvae compared to other extracts. Anticancer was investigated by sulforodamine B (SRB) screening against three lines of cancer cells: breast cancer cell line (MCF7), colon cancer cell line (PC3), and prostate cancer cell line (HCT116). The results reflected that Soxhlet extracts had a significant effect on inhibiting the growth of breast and colon cancer cells besides ethyl acetate extract was also inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells. The maceration and decoction extracts were revealed no anticancer activity against all cancer cells tested.
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