Detoxification Efficiency of Ethanolic Leaf Extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina on Aflatoxin B1 in Rice and Maize
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26438/ijsrcs.v12i2.187Keywords:
Mycotoxins, phytochemicals, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)Abstract
The prevalence of aflatoxin B1 in stored agricultural produce and their subsequent effect on food safety has stepped up researches to identify novel phytoremediation techniques. This research evaluates the potency of phytochemical remediation on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in stored rice and maize using ethanolic leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina. HPLC-UV/Vis spectroscopy was employed in the determination of the detoxification levels of the AFB1 in the samples. Phytochemical constituents in the plant extracts were quantified using standard methods. Phytochemical concentrations ranged from 27.83 ± 1.53 – 184.73 ± 0.06 mg/g and 23.00 ± 1.00 – 171.67 ± 3.06 mg/g in the Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina extracts respectively. The levels of phytochemicals in Moringa oleifera extract were statistically (p ≤ 0.05) higher than in Vernonia amygdalina extract. AFB1 was present in all the samples with residual concentrations of 89.77 ± 10.56 and 94.83 ± 2.63 µg/kg in the stored rice and maize samples respectively. Detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract ranged from 25.25 (67.10 ± 2.18 µg/kg) to 75. 33 % (22.15 ± 1.41 µg/kg) in rice and 29.71 (66.66 ± 12.39 µg/kg) to 69.69 % (28.74 ± 0.67 µg/kg) in maize while, detoxification using 1 – 5 mg/cm3 of Moringa oleifera leaf extract were ranged from 23.19 (68.95 ± 12.60 µg/kg) to 84.23 % (14.16 ± 2.03 µg/kg) in rice and 70.99 (27.51 ± 8.76 µg/kg) to 80.21 % (18.77 ± 2.57 µg/kg) in maize respectively. Detoxification efficiency of the leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Moringa oleifera on AFB1 increased with increasing concentrations of the extracts. The efficiency of detoxification was in the order Moringa oleifera > Vernonia amygdalina.
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