The Role of Bioadsorbents in Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater: A Comparative Review
Keywords:
Heavy Metal Contamination, Bioadsorbents, Wastewater Treatment, Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb)Abstract
Heavy metal contamination in wastewater is a critical environmental issue, with metals like Chromium (Cr), Arsenic (As), and Lead (Pb) posing significant risks to both ecosystems and human health. Conventional treatment methods often fall short in efficiently removing these contaminants, particularly at low concentrations, and are associated with high costs and secondary pollution. This review paper explores the potential of bioadsorbents—natural materials derived from agricultural wastes, plant-based materials, animal by-products, and industrial residues—as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for heavy metal removal. By examining the adsorption capacities, mechanisms, and effectiveness of various bioadsorbents, the study demonstrates their significant potential in wastewater treatment. The findings suggest that with further research and optimization, bioadsorbents could be widely adopted in industrial applications, providing a sustainable solution to heavy metal pollution.
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