Determination of Heavy Metals (Ag+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) Using FAAS and ISE in Soil Samples of Selected Eastern Hararghe Area
Keywords:
Soil, Heavy Metal, Ion Selective Electrode, Environmental Contamination, Atomic Absorption SpectroscopyAbstract
Soils are composed of mineral constituents, organic matter (humus), living organisms, air, and water, and it regulates the natural cycles of these components. Heavy metal is the metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and it is toxic and poisonous at low concentrations. This work designed to determine and analyses the distribution of heavy metals present in the soil samples obtained from newly closed landfill at Haramaya, Awaday and Harar areas. The amount of heavy metals (Cd+2, Pb+2, Ag+) present in the soil sample was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and ion selective electrode. In the study the level of Pb2+ determined in various province of eastern Hararghe, was above the acceptable values of WHO guideline (< 0.01 ppm). However, the concentration of Cd2+ and Ag+ were within permissible values of WHO guideline (<3 and 0.05-2 ppm respectively). The method developed using ISE further validated its precision by relating the results obtained using AAS. The average percent of recovery for the ISEs when compared to AAS was 76.7%, which is largely due to differences in the fundamental response characteristics of the two methods, as ISEs only detect the free metal, whereas AAS detects total concentration.
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